Obesity characterized by widespread endocrine dysregulation. Adipose tissue (body fat) functions as an active endocrine organ that secretes its own hormones, signaling molecules and inflammatory proteins. When fat tissue expands excessively, it disrupts multiple hormonal axes. This systemic disruption directly contributes to the onset of metabolic and hormonal disorders like,
1. Type 2 Diabetes (Insulin Disruption)
The Cause: Enlarged fat cells leak excess fatty acids and inflammatory chemicals into the bloodstream.
These chemicals block insulin which is to unlock cells so they can absorb sugar from the blood. This is called insulin resistance. As the pancreas pumps out more and more insulin to overcome this block, it eventually burns out causing Type 2 diabetes.
2. Thyroid Dysfunction (Metabolic Disruption)
The Cause: Obesity disrupts the master control loop between brain and thyroid (hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis).
The brain senses the metabolic stress of excess weight and then increases Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which leading to subclinical hypothyroidism.
3. PCOS and Infertility (Sex Hormone Disruption)
The Cause: Fat tissue contains an enzyme which converts other hormones into estrogen. Additionally, high insulin levels from weight gain signal the ovaries to change their function.
In women, this combination forces the ovaries to overproduce male hormones (androgens). This hormonal imbalance causes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) leading to irregular periods, ovarian cysts and infertility.
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