Your spine is formed by several small bones piled one above the other called vertebrae. All these small bones combine to form the spinal column.

Naturally, to prevent erosion between the vertebra, a tough layered disc filled with a soft gel-like substance(nucleus pulposus) is formed.

It acts as a cushion (a shock absorber) between the bones by absorbing pressure and prevents the bones from rubbing against each other.

Either due to trauma or any other condition, these discs might damage, and one such condition is a disc bulge or bulging disk.

A bulging disc or disc bulge is a condition where the nucleus pulposus of the spinal disc swells out when it is compressed but remain within the disc. This protrusion of the gelly substance narrows the spinal and creates pressure on the nerve roots surrounding the disc. This results in pain that radiates to various body parts depending on the bulging disc location.

The discs make the back movements easier. The condition commonly occurs in the lumbar spine. 

Sometimes disc bugle is misunderstood as a herniated disc where the disc bulges to an extreme level and the nucleus leaks out of the disc. If the bulging disc is not treated, it might turn out into a herniated disc, which is more painful and require prompt treatment.

Causes Of Bulging Disc

  • Bulging discs might be a result of various conditions. Possibly age-related(increasing age) degenerative changes is the most common cause that occurs in your spine.
  • Degenerative changes mean the wear and tear effects of the disc that grows over time. 
  • Other causes risk factor that may result in bulging disc include:
  • Damage of discs due to an injury to spine
  • Sedentary lifestyle – people who smoke increase the risk of the bulging disc.
  • Heavy lifting can strain your disc continuously, which eventually wear them down over the years.
  • Weak back muscles can suddenly cause herniation of the disc.
  • Poor posture due to abnormal body positioning while sleeping, sitting, standing or doing exercise may also lead to a bulging disc.
  • Obesity – Excess weight adds pressure on your spine and discs
  • Playing contact sports or any other activities that involve the risk of back injuries might also cause disc bulge.
  • Any activity that strains your spine can weaken your discs.
  • Genetics

Usually, bulging discs condition affects various discs, and

It develops gradually over time. It can also lead to disc degeneration problems like lumbar stenosis.

Symptoms of a Bulging Disc

The symptoms vary from person to person based on some factors like severity and location of the disc bulge in the spine. Initially, the condition might be symptomless in some people, but with time the increased swelling of the disc pressurises the nerve roots and may cause the following symptoms:

  • Back pain that increases with certain movement
  • Muscles spasms in your back 
  • A weak and numb feeling in legs and feet
  • Decreased movement in the knees and ankles
  • Improper bladder and bowel movements
  • Facing difficulty while walking
  • Reduced coordination

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